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利未记13章思想
2023-05-16 12:49:33
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利未记13章: ♥《希伯来文翻译》疖子」肿块,升起;「♥癣」疹,疥疮;「♥火斑」进来,出现状况;「大痲疯」痲疯病;「灾病」疫病,疾病,疤痕。
『肉皮』指皮肤;『疖子』指红肿;『癣』指患处会发痒;『火斑』指形成斑点。
大痲疯』狭义指皮肤像鳞片那样剥落或无知觉,类似现代所谓的「汉森氏病(Hansen)广义指一切严重的皮肤病。
♥灾病』的字根的意思是「击打」,暗示大痲疯是神的「击打」,是一些令人厌恶的东西,各人都视其为羞耻和禁忌。
♥「就要将他带到祭司亚伦或亚伦作祭司的一个子孙面前」:意指须由祭司察看并判断是否大痲疯,因为此病被认为与罪恶有关,患病的人被视为不洁(3节)。察看」观察,注视;「毛」毛发;「♥现象」景象,外表;「深于」深的。♥火斑」皮肤上发亮的斑块;「变」转换,改变;「关锁」关闭,禁闭。发暗」黯淡,暗色;「癣」疹子,疥癣。♥带到」进来,与…一起来。四外」长出,冒出,发芽;「长满」遮盖,披上;「无处不有」(原文无此字)。长满」遮盖,披上。♥红」活着的,有生命的;「显在」发现,看见。一看」成为不洁的,被沾污。「♥疮」疔,疖,迸出的疹子;「治好」医治,痊愈。疖」肿块,升起;「火斑」皮肤上的发亮斑块。「洼于」低的,卑微的;「发在」长出,冒出,发芽。「♥发暗」黯淡,暗色。止住」站立,停留;「痕迹」痂,伤愈的疤。♥毒」被烧的一块,烫伤的疤痕;「瘀」(原文与「毒」同一字);「火斑」皮肤上发亮的斑块。现象」景象,外表。洼于」低的,卑微的。起的」肿块,升起;「痕迹」痂,伤愈的疤。♥细」小的,纤细的;「♥头疥」痂,皮肤长的东西。灾病」疫病,疾病,疤痕。找」寻找,询问。止住」站立,停止;「长了」长出,萌芽。掉了」赤裸,光头;「头秃」秃头。前(原文双字)」角落,边缘(首字);面,在…之前(次字);「♥顶门秃」前额秃顶。带红」带红色的。「肉皮(原文双字)」血肉之体(首字);皮肤(次字)。「撕裂」扯破,扯裂;「蓬头」头顶;「散发」松开,解开;「蒙着」蒙上,包住;「♥上唇」蓄在上唇的小胡子。「独」孤立,分开,单独地;「外」外头。♥麻布」亚麻布。当作」制作,完成;「何用」工作,作品;「♥蚕食的」使疼痛,刺痛。♥对象」物品,器具;「焚烧」燃烧。。变色(原文双字)」转换,改变(首字);眼睛(次字);「消散」扩散;「♥透重」侵蚀,孔;「正面」反面掉毛,秃头;「反面」正面掉毛,前额秃顶。「又发」长出,冒出,发芽。
♥离开」转变方向,出发,离去。♥条例」律法,指引,规矩。
♥红肉:肉”(flesh)和“新鲜”二词的合成词,指“重新长出来的鲜肉”。♥若现象洼于皮:“洼”源于“下压”、“消下去”一词,意为“凹”(3节)♥头秃有两种:一种是“卡拉哈特”,指掉头顶的头发(40节);另一种是“嘎巴哈特”,指掉了前部头发(41节)。这样的秃头是自然现象,是洁净的
♥ 13:49 这里说的“大痲疯”指羊毛或麻布衣服的恶性发霉现象,因为经线与纬线上出现绿色或红色的霉。霉是长在死了的动物或腐烂的果蔬上的霉菌。毛麻织物生霉,在潮湿的地方多有发生。人有了皮肤病要隔离,衣服生了霉也要隔离(50节)。要是祭司发现霉菌扩散,便须把衣服焚毁(55节),因为整件衣服已为细菌所污染,不再洁净。
♥13:59 从本章的规例,可以看见神要求祂的子民在道德、身体、甚至所穿着的衣服与所用的器皿上都须做到洁净。力保内心与行为的圣洁,和神有圆满的属灵关系。物质生活与心灵生活不可分割,乃完整的一体。
♥新约要求信徒在行为之外,更注意动机的纯正(太5:28),保持意念上的圣洁象基督。
♥大麻风的灾病"。字根的意思是"击打",指皮肤象鳞片那样剥落或无知觉,或指一种颇为严重的疾病
神给他的一个证据,使他手变成大痳疯又复原(出四6),米利暗因攻击摩西而长大痳疯七天(民十二10-15),亚兰元帅乃缦得痊愈(王下五1-14),以利沙仆人基哈西因贪心,沾染了乃缦的病(王上五27),撒玛利亚城门的四个长大痳疯的人(王下七3)和乌西雅因擅自上香而遭神降罚(王下十五5;代下廿六19-23)。
有雪那样白(出四6;民十二10;王下五27),
♥纬上 字根意思是混杂,直横线交错纺织的,毛纺织或编织的。线条或幅块。
♥正面反面 希伯来文直译是它的顶后或它的前额,应用火烧掉,因为里外都腐蚀了。
♥蚕食 顽恶,无法治愈的意思。
♥发红即19节白中带红的希伯来文 为闪耀。发绿 闪耀。
♥痕迹原意烧焦,皮肤经过火灼感觉,产生的结痂现象火斑。皮肤出现杂色的痕迹,希伯来文字根发光的意思,和合本火斑描写皮肤像火的红色,本章其他的描写是白色或粉红色的(4深于肉上的皮(3节)是像山谷那样凹陷。 洼于皮?低过表皮。

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    2023-08-22 13:11:07


    Ramadan; Month of Great Victories

    By: Abdullah Abdeen

     


         Ramadan is the ninth month of the Islamic calendar. During this month, Muslims abstain not only from eating, drinking and intimate relationship from dawn to sunset, but also from anything that displeases Allah (Glory be to Him). The obligation of fasting in Islam came after the obligation of prayer, as the former became obligatory in the second year after Hijrah. While the month of Ramadan is regarded as the month of observing fasting, reciting the Glorious Qur’an, giving charity and many acts of worship, we must also keep in mind that it is a month of honor and pride for all Muslims as they managed to snatch great victories from the jaws of defeat.


         The first battle that took place during the month of Ramadan was the battle of Badr, referred to as Yaum al-Furqān (day when the true was distinguished from the false) in the Qur'an as Allah says, “…if you truly believe In Allah and in what We sent down on Our servant on the day when the true was distinguished from the false, the day on which the two armies met in battle. Allah has power over all things”.[1] This battle took place on the 17th of Ramadan, 2 A.H. It is worth mentioning here that the number of Muslim fighters during this battle was about three hundred while the number of the unbelievers was about one thousand. However, Muslims were sure that Allah would support them with such great victory as Allah says,

    “We will, without doubt, help our messengers and those who believe, (both) in this world's life and on the Day when the Witnesses will stand forth”

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         Due to this great victory, Allah revealed a verse recited in the Glorious Quran till the day of judgment so that this battle remains deep engraved in the hearts of Muslims around the globe and throughout centuries, where Allah says, “Allah had helped you at Badr, when you were a contemptible little force; then fear Allah; thus may you show your gratitude”.[3]


         After the battle of Badr, the Muslim army was able to liberate Mecca on 20th of Ramadan 8 A.H. This liberation, known also as (the greatest conquest), marked the end of the wars between the followers of the Prophet and the tribe of Quraysh. This battle was a turning point in Muslim history as Muslim started to control over the Arabian Peninsula as a whole. When Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) went to Mecca, he performed circumambulation around the K‘aba (tawaaf) and started breaking down the pagans' idols rehearsing Allah's saying, “And say: "Truth has (now) arrived, and falsehood perished: for falsehood is (by its nature) bound to perish".[4]


         On 28th of Ramadan 92 A.H., the Muslim army led by Tariq ibn Ziyad and Mussa Ibn Nusair was able to conquer al-Andalus (Parts of the Iberian Peninsula ruled by Muslims), in the west, and another Muslim army reached China, in the east. The Islam remained in al-Andalus for more than eight centuries and this land was one of the most important crossing points between Islamic and European civilizations. The Islamic civilization in al-Andalus came to an end with the fall of the Emirate of Granada. 


         Afterwards, on the 9th of Ramadan 212 A.H., Muslims, led by Asad ibn al-Furat, who was also a jurist and theologian, conquered the Island of Sicily, which is regarded as the biggest island in the Mediterranean Sea. Muslims became only five miles away from Italy. Muslims ceaselessly continued their journey of preaching and spreading the message of Islam across the globe.

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         On Ramadan 223 A.H., the Abbasid campaign was led personally by the Caliph al-Mu‘tasim, when a Muslim woman appealed for help from him saying, “O Mu‘tasim, [Save me!]”.  Therefore, he targeted Amorium, a Byzantine city in western Asia Minor, because it was one of Byzantium's largest and most important cities. Amorium was strongly fortified but a traitor revealed a weak spot in the wall, where the Abbasids concentrated their attack, effecting a breach and soldiers surrendered.


         As for modern era, we find that the greatest war that occurred in Ramadan was the 6th of October War, 1973, which corresponds to the 10th of Ramadan 1393 A.H., where the Egyptian army forces crossed the Bar Lev Line and destroyed the Israeli defense points east of the Canal. After long negotiations, Egypt restored not only its entire land from the Israeli occupation, but its military prestige that it had lost after the defeat on the 5th of June 1967 as well. Therefore, there is no wonder if we said that fasting and the month of Ramadan are a source of inspiration, enthusiasm, and motivation to the Muslim soldiers, as this month witnessed many decisive battles that contributed greatly to Muslim achievements. We can also surely say that it is a month for hard work, great effort and endurance, not a month for laziness and sleeping.

    2023-08-07 10:05:49

    Combating Hate Speech: A Religious Perspective



         In light of the increasing concern with rights-based concepts, “hate speech” arose as a phenomenon that must be encountered and eliminated, because it undermines humans’ right to respect and honor. Though there is no agreed upon definition for hate speech, UN explains it as a term that refers to offensive discourse targeting a group or an individual based on inherent characteristics (such as race, religion or gender) and that may threaten social peace. Though, the concept is social one, it has a close connection with religion, as radical groups’ discourse promotes hatred and enmity. However, religion can be well employed to face hate speech, provided that the genuine understanding of religion is adopted. 

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    “O mankind! We created you all from a single man and a single woman, and made you into races and tribes so that you may [get to] know one another. In God’s eyes, the most honored of you are the ones most mindful of Him: God is All-Knowing, All-Aware.” With these words, the Glorious Qur’an draws the frame of the human relations that must be based on respect and fraternity. This verse is an early call for negating the roots of hatred. It sets the foundations of relations of humans in this world: their relation with their lord and their relation with one another. The basis of the former type of relations is to be mindful of Allah, and the basis of the second type is the concept of “Ta’aruf.” Putting in mind that the Glorious Qur’an was revealed more than 1400 years ago, it teaches us how Islam was keen to present a new social concept that should govern human relations in our universe.

    This Qur’anic concept finds its root in the fact that all humans are brothers as they all are the descendants of the same father and mother, as stated in the above mentioned verse, and therefore, there should be no hatred among them. It is through this concept of Ta’aruf, Islam implants a harmonious relation between religion and social life, a sign that proves that Islam views religion as a tool to achieve stability and create coherent communities. It is within such frame that the Qur’an prohibits Muslim to insult the gods of other worshippers, though the basic tenet of the Islamic faith is that there is no god but Allah. Qur’an (6: 108) stats, “Do not insult what they invoke apart from Allah, or they will insult Allah.”



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    Moreover, Islam does not only consider hate speech as a social defect that should be treated, Rather, it is a sin that a human has to avoid and ask forgiveness of Allah if it happened that he committed it. Hate speech is driven mainly by the feeling of arrogance and the belief that “I’m better than others.” Upon realizing that, we recall the story of Iblees (Devil) and Adam, when the Devil rejected the command of Allah to prostrate before Adam saying, “I am better than him: You created me from fire and him from clay.” This was the cause of wrath of Allah upon Iblees.

    Though some may wrongly think that religion encourages hate speech, the truth is, rather, that it is ignorance of religion that incites such heinous attitudes. Islam in fact combats extremism in any form and calls for moderation which is marked in Islam by adopting the concept of wasatiyyah (the middle position).

    It was driven by such understanding that Al-Azhar Al-Sharif and its Grand Imam, Prof. Ahmed al-Tayeb, attempt always to promote such understanding in order to combat hatred and hate speech. In fact, over the past couple of years, many efforts have been made to counter hate speech and promote the language of fraternity, either inside Egypt or worldwide.

    Within Egypt, Al-Azhar al-Shairf considered that the basis to combat hatred in the Egyptian society is to enhance citizenship. In 2017, Al-Azhar organized an international conference under the title, “Freedom and Citizenship…Diversity and Integration” which aimed at promoting the concept of citizenship from the religious point of view, to prove that citizenship is not only a political concept, but also a religious value in Islam. However, Al-Azhar did not confine itself into theoretical actions. Rather, it has translated these ideas into practical steps. Perhaps the most prominent step in this regard was the institution of the Egyptian Family House (Ar. Beit al-‘Eila), which was established in 2011 to strengthen the relationship between Al-Azhar Al-Sharif and the Egyptian Coptic Church. It aims to foster the ties between the Muslims and Christians of Egypt, and thus strengthens the Egyptian religious harmony. Over the past years, Egypt’s religious communities represented by Al-Azhar and the Orthodox, Protestant, Catholic, and Anglican denominations—have been working to fulfill the Family House’s mission.

    On the international level, Al-Azhar al-Sharif was interested to promote the concept that all mankind are brothers in humanity. To achieve this, a very significant and historical document was signed by both Prof. Ahmad al-Tayyeb, the Grand Imam of Al-Azhar Al-Sharif and Pope Francis, Head of the Catholic Church, on February 4, 2019. The Document aims to enhance dialogue on co-existence of humans globally, strengthen human relations and establish bases for such relations based on mutual respect.

    To conclude, hate speech is a defect that threatens security as it implants division and discord among members of the same community. The bases of hate speech are radicalism and extremism, and therefore we find hate speech common among extremist Islamists and the followers of radical political attitudes, such as the right-wind followers. The best to counter hate speech is to spread love and fraternity among humans and teach them that they all are brother. Again, we need to contemplate, ponder and spread the words of God in the Qur’an “O mankind! We created you all from a single man and a single woman, and made you into races and tribes so that you may [get to] know one another. In God’s eyes, the most honored of you are the ones most mindful of Him: God is All-Knowing, All-Aware.”

    2023-07-20 21:33:03

    World Meteorological Organization


    The highest temperature recorded on Earth has been measured in three major ways: air, ground, and via satellite observation. Air measurements are used as the standard measurement due to persistent issues with unreliable ground and satellite readings. Air measurements are noted by the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) and Guinness World Records among others as the standard to be used for determining the official record. The current official highest registered air temperature on Earth is 56.7 °C (134.1 °F), recorded on 10 July 1913 at Furnace Creek Ranch, in Death Valley in the United States.[1] For ninety years, a former record that was measured in Libya had been in place, until it was decertified in 2012 based on evidence that it was an erroneous reading. This finding has since raised questions about the legitimacy of the 1913 record measured in Death Valley, with several meteorological experts asserting that there were similar irregularities. The WMO has stood by the record as official pending any future investigative results. If the current record were to be decertified then the holder would be a tie at 54.0 °C (129.2 °F), recorded both at Furnace Creek and in Kuwait.


    Several unverified temperatures that exceed the current record have also been recorded. These include historical claims that were never authenticated due to the equipment available at the time and unverified scientific claims. There are also disproven amateur readings that have been posted on social media showing evidence of extreme temperature.


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    History


    Thermometer reading at Furnace Creek Ranch (July 2005)

    The standard measuring conditions for temperature are in the air, 1.5 metres (4 ft 11 in) above the ground, and shielded from direct sunlight.[2] Global surface temperatures as a whole have been monitored since the 1880s when record keeping began.[3] According to the World Meteorological Organization (WMO), the highest registered air temperature on Earth was 56.7 °C (134.1 °F) in Furnace Creek Ranch, California, located in Death Valley in the United States, on 10 July 1913.[1][4][5] This record was surpassed in 1922 by a reading of 57.8 °C (136.0 °F), registered on 13 September 1922, in ʽAziziya, Libya.

    Ninety years later, this record was decertified, making the former reading in Death Valley the world's highest official temperature again. The decertification of the former record in Libya has since cast doubt on the validity of the 1913 recording.[6] If the 1913 record were to be decertified, the highest established recorded air temperature on Earth would be 54.0 °C (129.2 °F), also recorded in Death Valley on 20 June 2013, and in Mitribah, Kuwait on 21 July 2016.[7] There have since been higher readings of 54.4 °C (129.9 °F) in August 2020 and July 2021, both at Furnace Creek, that are pending validation.

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    Measurements have also been taken in two other ways via ground and satellite readings. Temperatures measured directly on the ground may exceed air temperatures by 30 to 50 °C (54 to 90 °F).[12] The theoretical maximum possible ground surface temperature has been estimated to be between 90 and 100 °C (194 and 212 °F) for dry, darkish soils of low thermal conductivity.[13] While there is no highest confirmed ground temperature, a reading of 93.9 °C (201.0 °F) was allegedly recorded in Furnace Creek Ranch on 15 July 1972.[14] Temperature measurements via satellite also tend to capture the occurrence of higher records but, due to complications involving the satellite's altitude loss (a side effect of atmospheric friction), these measurements are often considered less reliable than ground-positioned thermometers.[15] Satellite measurements of ground temperature taken between 2003 and 2009, taken with the MODIS infrared spectroradiometer on the Aqua satellite, found a maximum temperature of 70.7 °C (159.3 °F), which was recorded in 2005 in the Lut Desert, Iran. The Lut Desert was also found to have the highest maximum temperature in 5 of the 7 years measured (2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, and 2009). These measurements reflect averages over a large region and so are lower than the maximum point surface temperature.[

    2023-06-05 22:09:12

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    google stock strategy. Alphabet Inc. is an American multinational technology conglomerate holding company headquartered in Mountain View, California. It was created through a restructuring of Google on October 2, 2015, and became the parent company of Google and several former Google subsidiaries. Alphabet is the world’s third-largest technology company by revenue and one of the world’s most valuable companies.


    It is one of the Big Five American information technology companies, alongside Amazon, Apple, Meta, and Microsoft. The establishment of Alphabet Inc. was prompted by a desire to make the core Google business “cleaner and more accountable” while allowing greater autonomy to group companies that operate in businesses other than Internet services.


    Founders Larry Page and Sergey brin announced their resignation from their executive posts in December 2019, with the CEO role to be filled by Sundar Pichai, also the CEO of Google. Page and brin remain employees, board members, and controlling shareholders of Alphabet Inc.


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    Successful traders have to move fast, but they don’t have to think fast. Why? Because they’ve developed a trading strategy in advance, along with the discipline to stick to it. It is important to follow your formula closely rather than try to chase profits. Don’t let your emotions get the best of you and make you abandon your strategy. Bear in mind a mantra of day traders: plan your trade and trade your plan.


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    It’s important to define exactly how you’ll limit your trade risk. A stop-loss order is designed to limit losses on a position in a security.

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    PayPal stock strategy

    PayPal stock strategy and PayPal Holdings, Inc. is an American multinational financial technology company operating an online payments system in the majority of countries that support online money transfers, and serves as an electronic alternative to traditional paper methods such as checks and money orders.


    The company operates as a payment processor for online vendors, auction sites and many other commercial users, for which it charges a fee. Established in 1998 as Confinity, PayPal went public through an IPO in 2002.


    It became a wholly owned subsidiary of eBay later that year, valued at $1.5 billion. In 2015 eBay spun off PayPal to its shareholders, and PayPal became an independent company again. The company was ranked 143rd on the 2022 Fortune 500 of the largest United States corporations by revenue.


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    2023-05-16 20:34:47

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